Colonoscopy is a procedure in which the large intestine is examined. This examination is done by a Stomach and Intestine Specialist i.e. Gastroenterologist. The purpose of colonoscopy is to diagnose and examine problems in the large intestine, colon (the part between the large intestine and the rectum) and the rectum.
When is colonoscopy needed? Your doctor may ask you to have a colonoscopy when: When you have abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea and other bowel problems, your doctor may suggest a colonoscopy to find out about the diseases. If you are over the age of 50, your doctor may order a colonoscopy. Because, colonoscopy proves to be helpful to know the risk of colon cancer. In this way, doctors ask for colonoscopy to be done at an interval of ten years. But, in case of any kind of problem, it can be done even before the scheduled time. A polyp (wart-like bump) develops in the large intestine, colon or rectum. To remove it, the doctor asks for a colonoscopy. What should I know before having a colonoscopy? Colonoscopy is not for everyone. In some cases this procedure of the test is not performed:
What are the side effects and problems of colonoscopy? Talking about colonoscopy side effects, after a few hours of getting the test done, the gas passes, you will feel the air coming out of your colon. During this time it may happen that a small amount of blood may come out. This is a common thing, you don't need to panic. However, if bleeding or blood clots start coming out in large quantities, then definitely talk to your doctor. Apart from this, if you feel fever or abdominal pain, talk to your doctor. Let us tell you that if these problems are to happen, then they happen in the first week of taking the test. But, in some cases problems appear after some time. You can also get more information about colonoscopy side effects from your doctor. Colonoscopy also carries some risk, which is rare. But, you still need to know: There are harmful reactions if sleeping medicines are used during the test. Bleeding starts from the place from where the polyp (wart-like bump) is removed. The wall of the colon or rectum may burst during the test. How should I prepare myself for colonoscopy? You will need to clean your colon thoroughly before having a colonoscopy. If any residue remains in the colon, the test results in unclear results. The doctor will give you some instructions to clean your colon: Take a special diet before having colonoscopy. In which you should not eat solid things on the day before the test. Apart from this, you should take water, tea, coffee, milk, cream etc. in liquid. Avoid taking red liquid. Because he will create confusion with the blood during the test. At the same time, you should not eat anything for about six to eight hours before the test. Before the test, the doctor will give you medicine to clean the stomach. Due to which you will have clear bowel movement. Such drugs are called laxatives. You will be asked to take it the night before the test. So that your colon and rectum can be cleaned on the morning of the test. In some cases, doctors recommend the use of enemas. Which is easily available in the market. It proves helpful in cleaning your colon and rectum. Whatever medicines you are taking, a week before the test, you should consult the doctor about those medicines. This becomes even more important in the case of diabetes. Apart from this, you should definitely discuss your medicines with the doctor in heart related or high blood pressure related diseases. Tell your doctor if you are taking medicines such as blood thinners. Medicines such as aspirin, warfarin, etc. can cause problems in your colonoscopy test. Therefore, talk to your doctor about your medicines. What is the procedure involved in colonoscopy? Colonoscopy takes about 30 to 60 minutes to perform. You remain unconscious for about an hour after the test. You are only put on a gown during the test. You are then given anesthetics. So that there is no problem during the test. Then the doctor will ask you to lie down on your side. Out of which the knee of one leg will stick to your chest. So that the doctor can easily insert the colonoscope inside your rectum. The scope is long enough to reach inside your colon. The scope consists of a light, a camera and a tube. The doctor then injects air (carbon dioxide) into the colon. Which inflames the colon and helps to see its inner lining clearly. You may feel a tummy ache or bowel movement as the scope moves in. The camera on the colonoscope sends pictures of the colon to the monitor outside. Seeing which the doctor finds out the condition of the large intestine, colon and rectum. Along with this, the doctor inserts an instrument through the scope from the same place from which he takes out tissue samples or polyps and other abnormal tissue. What happens after colonoscopy? After the colonoscopy, the doctor will examine you and share the results (test reports) with you. If the result of your test comes negative, it means that there is no problem of any kind in your colon. Your doctor may ask you to have another colonoscopy if: If you have a risk of colon cancer, then you will have to have this test every 10 years. If polyps came out in your last test, then you will have to get tested in the fifth year. If there is residual stool in the colon and it is not tested properly, you may need to have a colonoscopy again in a year. If your test comes back positive, it means that the doctor has found polyps or abnormal tissue in your colon. These polyps can be cancerous. So the doctor sends the sample of polyps to the lab for testing. However, it is not necessary that every polyp produces cancer. There are some polyps that can later take the form of cancer. Colon cancer depends on the number and size of polyps. If the doctor has any doubts, he keeps you under his close supervision. Your doctor may ask you to have a second colonoscopy sooner, when: have more than two polyps Have a polyp larger than 0.4 inches (1cm) Test may not be completed due to polyp and residual stool. Finding polyps in the test that are at risk of becoming cancerous. Found cancer polyp. If the polyp or abnormal tissue is not removed during the colonoscopy, the doctor may refer to a gastroenterologist. Which can remove large polyps. How should I take care of myself after colonoscopy? You go home only with the family members who came with you. Because after the test, the doctor will discharge you. However, the effect of the anesthetic will remain on you. That's why you won't be able to go home alone. Do not go to office or work after the test and do not drive at all. If your doctor has removed a polyp from your colon during the test, you will be put on a special liquid diet for some time. Walking will give you relief. 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